Uzbekistan (Geography)
Uzbekistan (Geography), Most of Uzbekistan's territory is part of
the Turan lowlands, much of which is the Kyzylku Desert. To the NW of the
Karakalpak Autonomous Republic lies the Ustjurth Highlands, and to the east the
foothills of the Tian Shan and Gissar-Alaj mountains extend inland and close in
on the fertile Fergana Valley. Some mountain valleys, small enclaves south of
the Fergana Valley, also belong to Uzbekistan. The country lies between the
great rivers Syr Darja and Amu Darja, which disappear into the two smaller
remnants of the Aral Sea, which lies on the border with Kazakhstan. These two
rivers as well as the Zeravshan are dammed in several places and are of great
importance for the predominantly irrigated agriculture as well as for energy
production at a number of large hydropower plants; Syr Darja and Amu Darja also
serve as transport routes.
Uzbekistan has a subtropical mainland climate with very hot, dry summers
(July average 32 °C) and in the south short and relatively mild winters
(January −8 °C). However, it can get very cold, all the way down to −37 °
C. There is little rainfall, 80-90 mm on the plains. In the higher mountains, up
to 1000 mm of snow and rain fall, predominantly in winter.
Population. There is no reliable information on the population, but
it is stated to be approximately 26.6 million The distribution of nationality is also
based on an estimate. About 80% of the population are Uzbeks. The other
population groups are Russians, Tajiks, Koreans, Kazakhs and Karakal
Packers. Central Asia was used as a deportation site during the Soviet era, and
in 2006 there were probably still groups of Chechens, Crimean Tatars, and
Messiahs in the country. For most of the Soviet era, Uzbekistan had a strong
natural population growth with a high birth rate and an ever-decreasing death
rate. Despite the economic downturn, population growth continued after
independence in 1991, but since 2001 it has averaged 1% per year, due to lower
birth rates and greater emigration of ethnic minorities. The declining
industrial employment has made it difficult for industries to absorb the new
major vintages.
- Countryaah:
Do you know how many people there are in Uzbekistan? Check this site to see
population pyramid and resident density about this country.
Industries. Agriculture is the most important profession. From here
comes approximately one third of GDP, and here approximately one third of the
workforce. Most of the territory of the republic is desert or arid steppes, but
in the fertile, irrigated oases, intensive, mechanized agriculture is
practiced. Cotton is the most important crop, and despite some industry, raw
cotton is an important export product that in 2002-05 provided the country with
approximately 20% of total export earnings; in 1998, however, the share was 39%, and
the sharp decline is due to poor harvest yields and low world market
prices. Uzbekistan is the world's second largest cotton exporter. The country
was also the largest silk producer in the Soviet Union, and large-scale
production has been maintained since independence. Other important crops are
tobacco and foods such as wheat, rice, fruits and vegetables. The country also
has a large herd of cattle (around 5 million), and large flocks of Karakul sheep
(about 8 million) graze on the steppes. Uzbekistan, however, is not
self-sufficient, but is heavily dependent on imports of basic foods such as
wheat, meat, milk and potatoes. Efforts to increase self-sufficiency were
launched in 1995, and the area of cereals was greatly expanded, while at the
same time seeking to maintain cotton production. The former state farms were all
transformed into cooperatives after independence, but without changing the forms
of operation. There is no private ownership of land, but there are a few private
farms. at the same time as cotton production was sought to be maintained. The
former state farms were all transformed into cooperatives after independence,
but without changing the forms of operation. There is no private ownership of
land, but there are a few private farms. at the same time as cotton production
was sought to be maintained. The former state farms were all transformed into
cooperatives after independence, but without changing the forms of
operation. There is no private ownership of land, but there are a few private
farms.
Uzbekistan's subsoil is rich in exploitable raw materials, and exploitation
and processing were given high priority by the government after
independence. Uzbekistan is No. 8 among the world's gold producers, but silver,
copper and other metals are also mined in large quantities, and metals are the
country's second most important export item. There is also oil and coal in
The Fergana area and very large natural gas deposits north and south of
Bukhara and in Ustjurt towards the NW. Natural gas is connected to the Central
Asian and Russian distribution networks, but the government decided in the 1990's
to try self-sufficiency in the field of energy and not increase exports, among
other things. because buyers, especially in neighboring countries, did not pay.
Although a large part of the cotton and silk is exported, a fairly large
textile industry has also emerged in Uzbekistan. produces the characteristic
colorful silk and cotton fabrics. A machine industry has also been developed
that supplies machines to agriculture and the textile industry. The
American-German car company Daimler-Chrysler opened a large truck factory in
1995, and the South Korean company Daewoo opened a car factory in Tashkent in
1996. However, the Daewoo factory went bankrupt in 2000, but in 2005 the Uzbek
government bought Daewoo out of the factory and continued to assemble the South
Korean cars. Oil and gas extraction has provided a basis for the chemical
industry, fertilizer.
The railway and road system is well developed in the populated parts of the
country with railway and motorway connections to the main cities and to
neighboring countries and Russia. There is also an extensive network of domestic
and international flights. The many direct connections from Tashkent airport
symbolize Uzbekistan's growing independence from Russia. Although some cities
have many historical architectural monuments, tourism has declined since
independence, due to poor hotel standard.
Uzbekistan's overriding environmental problem is the intensive cotton
production. The large water consumption has contributed to the drying up of the
Aral Sea, the pollution of the rivers and the salting of the fields. In
addition, recurring salt storms that further bother agriculture. The salt
problems in the cotton fields have been solved by flushing and collecting the
salt water in special canals that lead the water out into desert lakes with
additional water consumption as a result. International co-operation agreements
have been concluded on the rescue of the Aral Sea (Nukus Agreement, 1995), but
population growth and the countries' strong dependence on irrigated agriculture
have made it difficult to limit water consumption.
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